Well. you have to go into the terminal, and perform an 'apt update' followed by an 'apt full-upgrade'.
With 'apt upgrade', only instead of using 'apt full-upgrade', you shoot in your knees, not foot, knees.
If all ready done, full-upgrade', you can try 'startx', or if you using kde/plasma 'startplasma-wayland' or ' -x11'.
Maybe you can get some error messages.
Also you can look into 'journalctl' what happens.
Also it would be great to tell us what kind of system you are using, which gpu, what desktop, 'inxi -SG' is your/our friend.